DERIVATIONAL AFFIXES
- AFFIXES WHICH CHANGE THE CORE MEANING TO FORM A TOTALLY DIFFERENT LEXEME
- DERIVATIONAL ROOTS
NOMINAL INFLECTIONS
- converting an action to abstract nouns
- state of being
- -sion , - tion
- -ance , -ence
- act or process of
- -al
- Converting an adjective to noun
- -ness
- Agent or doer of the action
- Proper nouns
- -er , - or
- -ist
| Noun Suffixes | Meaning | Example |
|---|---|---|
| -acy | state or quality | privacy, fallacy, delicacy |
| -al | act or process of | refusal, recital, rebuttal |
| -ance, -ence | state or quality of | maintenance, eminence, assurance |
| -dom | place or state of being | freedom, kingdom, boredom |
| -er, -or | one who | trainer, protector, narrator |
| -ism | doctrine, belief | communism, narcissism, skepticism |
| -ist | one who | chemist, narcissist, plagiarist |
| -ity, -ty | quality of | inactivity, veracity, parity, serenity |
| -ment | condition of | argument, endorsement, punishment |
| -ness | state of being | heaviness, sadness, rudeness, testiness |
| -ship | position held | fellowship, ownership, kinship, internship |
| -sion, -tion | state of being | concession, transition, abbreviation |
VERBAL AFFIXES
| Verb Suffixes | Meaning | Example |
|---|---|---|
| -ate | become | regulate, eradicate, enunciate, repudiate |
| -en | become | enlighten, awaken, strengthen |
| -ify, -fy | make or become | terrify, satisfy, rectify, exemplify |
| -ize, -ise* | become | civilize, humanize, socialize, valorize |
ADJECTIVAL DERIVATIONAL INFLECTIONS
- having this
- feature or quality
- charecterized by
- -y
- -ious , ous
- nature of
- -ive
- quality of
- -ish
- ability
- -able , - ible
- feature in excess
- -full
- not having this
- feature
- - less
- referring to
- pertaining to
- -ic , - ical
- -al
| Adjectival Suffixes | Meaning | Example |
|---|---|---|
| -able, -ible | capable of being | edible, presentable, abominable, credible |
| -al | pertaining to | regional, grammatical, emotional, coastal |
| -esque | reminiscent of | picturesque, statuesque, burlesque |
| -ful | notable for | fanciful, resentful, woeful, doubtful |
| -ic, -ical | pertaining to | musical, mythic, domestic, chiastic |
| -ious, -ous | characterized by | nutritious, portentous, studious |
| -ish | having the quality of | fiendish, childish, snobbish |
| -ive | having the nature of | creative, punitive, divisive, decisive |
| -less | without | endless, ageless, lawless, effortless |
| -y | characterized by | sleazy, hasty, greasy, nerdy, smelly |
ADJECTIVAL INFLECTIONS
| Affix | Grammatical category | Mark | Part of speech |
|---|---|---|---|
| -er | Degree of comparison | comparative | adjectives and adverbs |
| -est | Degree of comparison | superlative | adjectives and adverbs |
PREPOSITIONAL INFLECTIONS
Situation particles
Not all prepositions act like particles only some of the prepositions have the capacity to act like particles. They are usually used in pronouns to indicate the direction or position on , above , below , in front , behind , toward , for , of , away , with , without , in , along.
Ex., On me , In me , above me , By me , For me
These types can be seen commonly in Hindi pronouns where they act like declensions and mostly all of European languages.
Most of the terminology is mainly formed by positioning the prepositions as prefix in Latin or Greek. Anti- , Co- , Peri- , Ana- , Cata- all these terms are widely used in forming the modern scientific nomenclature.
It is indicated on a three level degree
| English | Phonetic inflection | Semantic Inflection |
|---|---|---|
| Up | epi- , | |
| Above | supra- | |
| Superior , supreme , utmost | ||
| Down | kata- , | |
| Below | infra - , | |
| Inferior | ||
| of , pertaining to | - al , -ic , -ous | |
- Inflections of degrees of Comparison
- big , bigger , biggest
- Inflections of manner
- -ly , slowly , fastly
- Inflections of process , of
- -ion , cremation , al ( refusal , denial)
- inflections for agents
- er , worker, baker , farmer
- inflection of state or quality
- -acy ( privacy ) , -ance , ence ( maintainence )
- place or state of being
- -dom ( kingdom )