Show pageOld revisionsBacklinksImport Word DocumentBack to top This page is read only. You can view the source, but not change it. Ask your administrator if you think this is wrong. ====== Word formation ====== In linguistics, word formation is an ambiguous term that can refer to either: * the processes through which words can change (i.e. morphology), or * the creation of new lexemes in a particular language * WORD FORMATION * ABSTRACT RULES FOR WORD FORMATION * Morphological * based on meaning * ( changes the core meaning ) [[:en:morphological_derivation | Morphological derivation ]] * is the process of forming a new word from an existing word , derivation produces a new word (a distinct lexeme) * governor, government, governable, misgovern, ex-governor, and ungovernable ( root word = govern ) * [[:en:derivational_affixes | derivational affixes ]] * [[:en:phono_semantic_derivatives | Phonosemantic derivatives ]] * ( does not change the core meaning ) [[:en:morphological_inflections | Modifying or morphological Infection ]] * in which a word is modified to express different grammatical categories * governing , governed , governers * [[:en:inflectional_affixes | Inflectional affixes ]] , [[:en:word_inflection|WORD INFLECTION]] * [[:en:phonosemantic_inflections | phonosemantic inflections ]] * Non Morphological * [[:en:abbreviation | Abbreviation ]] * [[:en:acronym | Acronyms ]] * [[:en:initialism | Initialisms ]] * [[:en:alphabetism | Alphabetism ]] * [[:en:word_blending | Blending ]] * [[:en:word_compounding | Compounding ]] * APPLIED RULES TO WORDS * [[:en:nomenclature|NOMENCLATURE]] ===== Morphological ===== A common method of word formation is the attachment of inflectional or derivational affixes. ==== Derivation ==== Examples include: the words governor, government, governable, misgovern, ex-governor, and ungovernable are all derived from the base word (to) govern ==== Inflection ==== Inflection is modifying a word for the purpose of fitting it into the grammatical structure of a sentence. For example: manages and managed are inflected from the base word (to) manage worked is inflected from the verb (to) work talks, talked, and talking are inflected from the base (to) talk ===== Nonmorphological ===== ==== Abbreviation ==== Examples includes: * etc. from et caeter ==== Acronyms & Initialisms ==== Main article: Acronym An acronym is a word formed from the first letters of other words.[5] For example: NASA is the acronym for National Aeronautics and Space Administration IJAL (pronounced /aidʒæl/) is the acronym for International Journal of American Linguistics ==== Blending ==== A lexical blend is a complex word typically made of two word fragments. For example: * smog is a blend of smoke and fog * brunch is a blend of breakfast and lunch. * stagflation is a blend of stagnation and inflation * chunnel is a blend of channel and tunnel, referring to the Channel Tunnel Although blending is listed under the Nonmorphological heading, there are debates as to how far blending is a matter of morphology. ==== Compounding ==== Compounding is the processing of combining two bases, where each base may be a fully-fledged word. For example: * desktop is formed by combining desk and top * railway is formed by combining rail and way * firefighter is formed by combining fire and fighter Compounding is a topic relevant to syntax, semantics, and morphology. <a2s> .---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------. | NON MORPHOLOGICAL DERIVATIONS | | | | .--------------------------------------. .----------------------------------------. | | | | | | | | | WORD REDUCTIONS | | WORD ADDITIONS | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | #------------------. | | | #-----------------. | | | | +---+[4] INITIALISM | | | +---+ COMPOUNDING | | | | | | .------------------. | | | .-----------------. | | | | | | | | | | | | | #------------------. | | | | | | | +---+[3] ACRONYM | | | | #----------------. | | | | | .------------------. | | +----+ BLENDING | | | | | | | | | .----------------. | | | | | #------------------. | | | | | | | +---+[2]ABBREVIATIONS | | | | | | | | | .------------------. | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | #------------------. | | | | | | | +---+[1] BACK FORMATION| | | | | | | | | .------------------. | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | .--------+-----------------------------. .------+---------------------------------. | | | | | .---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------. </a2s> en/word_formation.txt Last modified: 2024/10/01 04:40by words