Show pageOld revisionsBacklinksImport Word DocumentBack to top This page is read only. You can view the source, but not change it. Ask your administrator if you think this is wrong. ====== LIST OF DERIVATIONAL ROOTS OR AFFIXES IN MEDICAL SCIENCES ====== ===== List of roots with A ===== ^ Affix ^ Mantrakshar ^ Meaning ^ Origin language and etymology ^ Example(s) ^ |[[trash:root:without|a-, an-]] |{{:blank:without.png}} | not, without (alpha privative) | Greek ἀ-/ἀν- (a-/an-), not, without | analgesic, apathy | ==== List of roots with Ab ==== ^ Affix ^ Mantrakshar ^ Meaning ^ Origin language and etymology ^ Example(s) ^ |[[trash:root:away|ab-]] |{{:blank:away.png}} | from; away from | Latin | abduction | |abdomin-|{{:blank:abdomen.png}}|of or relating to the abdomen |Latin abdōmen, abdomen, fat around the belly |abdomen, abdominal | ==== List of roots with Ac ==== ^ Affix ^ Mantrakshar ^ Meaning ^ Origin language and etymology ^ Example(s) ^ | -ac | {{:blank:of.png}} | pertaining to; one afflicted with | Greek -ακός (-akós) | cardiac, hydrophobiac | |[[trash:root:spine|acanth-]] | {{:blank:spine.png}} | thorn or spine | Greek ἄκανθα (ákantha), thorn | acanthion, acanthocyte, acanthoma, acanthulus | |[[trash:root:hear|acou-]] |{{:blank:hear.png}}| of or relating to hearing | Greek ἀκούειν (akoúein), ἀκουστικός (akoustikós), of or for hearing | acoumeter, acoustician, hyperacusis | |[[trash:root:top|acr-]] |{{:blank:top.png}} | extremity, topmost | Greek ἄκρον (ákron), highest or farthest point | acrocrany, acromegaly, acroosteolysis, acroposthia | |[[trash:root:hear|-acusis]] |{{:blank:hear.png}} | hearing | Greek ἀκουστικός (akoustikós), of or for hearing | paracusis | ==== List of roots with Ad ==== ^ Affix ^ Mantrakshar ^ Meaning ^ Origin language and etymology ^ Example(s) ^ |[[trash:root:toward|-ad]] |{{:blank:toward.png}} | toward, in the direction of | Latin ad, toward, to | dorsad, ventrad | |[[trash:root:toward|ad-]] |{{:blank:toward.png}} | at, increase, on, toward | Latin ad-, to | adduction, addition | |[[trash:root:gland|aden-]] | {{:blank:gland.png}} | of or relating to a gland | Greek ἀδήν, ἀδέν-, (adḗn, adén-), an acorn; a gland | adenocarcinoma, adenology, adenotome, adenotyphus | |[[trash:root:fat|adipo-]] | {{:blank:fatty_tissue.png}} | of or relating to fat or fatty tissue | Latin (adeps, adip-), fat | adipocyte | |[[trash:root:kidney|adren-]] |{{:blank:kidneys.png}} | of or relating to the adrenal glands | Latin ad + rēnēs, kidneys |adrenal artery | ==== List of roots with Ae ==== ^ Affix ^ Mantrakshar ^ Meaning ^ Origin language and etymology ^ Example(s) ^ |-aemia, ema, hemat (BrE) | {{:blank:emia.png}} | blood condition | Greek ἀναιμία (anaimía), without blood | anaemia | |aer(o)- |{{:blank:air.png}}| air, gas | Greek ἀήρ, ἀέρος (aḗr, aéros) | aerosinusitis, aerodynamics | |aesthesi- (BrE)|{{:blank:sense.png}} | sensation | Greek αἴσθησις (aísthēsis) | anaesthesia | ==== List of roots with Al ==== ^ Affix ^ Mantrakshar ^ Meaning ^ Origin language and etymology ^ Example(s) ^ |-al |{{:blank:of.png}} | pertaining to | Latin -alis | abdominal, femoral | |alb- |{{:blank:white.png}}| denoting a white or pale color | Latin albus, white | albino, tunica albica | |alge(si)- | {{:blank:ache.png}} | pain | Greek ἄλγος (álgos) | analgesic | |-algia, alg(i)o- |{{:blank:ache.png}} | pain | Greek | myalgia | |all- |{{:blank:different.png}} | denoting something as different, or as an addition | Greek ἄλλος (állos), another, other | alloantigen, allopathy | ==== List of roots with Am ==== ^ Affix ^ Mantrakshar ^ Meaning ^ Origin language and etymology ^ Example(s) ^ |ambi- |{{:blank:bothsides.png}} | denoting something as positioned on both sides; describing both of two | Latin (ambi-, ambo), both, on both sides | ambidextrous | |amnio- |{{:blank:sac.png}} | Pertaining to the membranous fetal sac (amnion) | Greek ἄμνιον (ámnion) | amniocentesis | |amph(i)-,|{{:blank:bothsides.png}} |on both sides |Greek ἀμφί (amphí) |amphicrania, amphismela, amphomycin | |amylo- | {{:blank:starch.png}} | starchy, carbohydrate-related | Latin amylum (starch) | amylase, amylophagia | ==== List of roots with An ==== ^ Affix ^ Mantrakshar ^ Meaning ^ Origin language and etymology ^ Example(s) ^ |an- |{{:blank:without.png}} | not, without (alpha privative) | Greek | analgesia | |ana- |{{:blank:up.png}}| back, again, up | Greek ἀνα- (ana-) | anaplasia | |an- |{{:blank:anus.png}} | anus | Latin | anal | |andr- |{{:blank:male.png}} | pertaining to a man | Greek ἀνήρ, ἀνδρ- (anḗr, andr-), male | android, andrology, androgen | |angi- |{{:blank:vessel.png}} | blood vessel | Greek ἀγγεῖον (angeîon) | angiogram, angioplasty | |aniso- |{{:blank:unequal.png}}| describing something as unequal | Greek ἄνῑσος (ánīsos), unequal | anisocytosis, anisotropic | |ankyl-, ancyl- |{{:blank:crooked.png}}| denoting something as crooked or bent | Greek ἀγκύλος (ankúlos), crooked, curved | ankylosis | |ante- |{{:blank:infront.png}}| describing something as positioned in front of another thing | Latin (āntē), before, in front of | antepartum | |anthropo- |{{:blank:human.png}}| human | Greek άνθρωπος (ánthrōpos), human | anthropology | |anti- |{{:blank:against.png}} | describing something as 'against' or 'opposed to' another | Greek αντι (anti), against | antibody, antipsychotic | ==== List of roots with Ap ==== ^ Affix ^ Mantrakshar ^ Meaning ^ Origin language and etymology ^ Example(s) ^ |apo- |{{:blank:separate.png}}| away, separated from, derived from | Greek ἀπό (apó) | apoptosis | ==== List of roots with Ar ==== ^ Affix ^ Mantrakshar ^ Meaning ^ Origin language and etymology ^ Example(s) ^ |archi- |{{:blank:first.png}} | first, primitive | Greek ἀρχι- (arkhi-) | archinephron | |arsen(o)-|{{:blank:male.png}}| of or pertaining to a male; masculine | Greek αρσενικός (arsenikós) | arsenoblast | |arteri(o)-|{{:blank:artery.png}} | of or pertaining to an artery | Greek ἀρτηρία (artēría), a wind-pipe, artery (used distinctly versus a vein) | arteriole, artery | |arthr- |{{:blank:joint.png}} | of or pertaining to the joints, limbs | Greek ἄρθρον (árthron), a joint, limb | arthritis | |articul- |{{:blank:joint.png}} | joint | Latin articulus | Articulation | |-ary |{{:blank:of.png}}| pertaining to | Latin -arius | biliary tract, coronary | ==== List of roots with As ==== ^ Affix ^ Mantrakshar ^ Meaning ^ Origin language and etymology ^ Example(s) ^ |-ase |{{:blank:enzyme.png}} | enzyme | from Greek διάστασις (δια- (dia-, part, apart) + στάσις (stásis, stand)), division | Lactase | |-asthenia |{{:blank:weak.png}}| weakness | Greek ἀσθένεια (asthéneia) | Myasthenia gravis | ==== List of roots with At ==== ^ Affix ^ Mantrakshar ^ Meaning ^ Origin language and etymology ^ Example(s) ^ |atel(o)- | {{:blank:incomplete_development.png}} | imperfect or incomplete development | Greek ἀτελής (atelḗs), without end, incomplete | atelocardia | |ather- |{{:blank:soil.png}}| fatty deposit, soft gruel-like deposit | ἀθάρη (athárē) | Atherosclerosis | |-ation | {{:blank:process.png}} | process | Latin | medication, civilization | |atri- |{{:blank:right_atrium.png}}| an atrium (esp. heart atrium) | Latin | atrioventricular | ==== List of roots with Au ==== ^ Affix ^ Mantrakshar ^ Meaning ^ Origin language and etymology ^ Example(s) ^ |aur- |{{:blank:ear.png}} | of or pertaining to the ear | Latin (auris), the ear | Aural | |aut- |{{:blank:maine.png}} | self | Greek αὐτός, αὐτο- (autós, auto-) | Autoimmune, autograph, autobiography, automobile, automatic | ==== List of roots with Ax ==== ^ Affix ^ Mantrakshar ^ Meaning ^ Origin language and etymology ^ Example(s) ^ |aux(o)- |{{:blank:increase.png}} | increase; growth | Greek αὐξάνω, αὔξω (auxánō, aúxō) | Auxocardia: enlargement of the heart, auxology | |axill- |{{:blank:armpit.png}} | of or pertaining to the armpit (uncommon as a prefix) | Latin (axilla), armpit | Axilla | ==== List of roots with Az ==== ^ Affix ^ Mantrakshar ^ Meaning ^ Origin language and etymology ^ Example(s) ^ |azo(to)- | | nitrogenous compound | French azote, nitrogen; from Greek άζωτικός (ázōtikós) ἀ- (a-, no, without) + ζωή (zōḗ, life)), mephitic air | azothermia: raised temperature due to nitrogenous substances in blood | ===== List of words with I ===== ^ Affix ^Mantrakshar ^ Meaning ^ Origin language and etymology ^ Example(s) ^ | -iasis | {{:blank:condition.png}} | condition, formation, or presence of | Latin -iasis, pathological condition or process; from Greek ἴασις (íasis), cure, repair, mend | mydriasis | | iatr(o)-| {{:blank:doctor.png}} | of or pertaining to medicine or a physician (uncommon as a prefix but common as a suffix; see -iatry) | Greek ἰατρός (iatrós), healer, physician | iatrochemistry, iatrogenesis | | -iatry | | denotes a field in medicine emphasizing a certain body component | Greek ἰατρός (iatrós), healer, physician | podiatry, psychiatry | ==== List of roots with Ic ==== ^ Affix ^ Mantrakshar ^ Meaning ^ Origin language and etymology ^ Example(s) ^ | -ic | {{:blank:of.png}} | pertaining to | Greek -ικός (-ikós) | hepatic artery | | -ics |{{:blank:knowledge.png}} | organized knowledge, treatment | Latin -icus, collection of related things, theme; cognate with Greek -ικός (ikós), of, pertaining to | obstetrics | ==== List of roots with Id ==== ^ Affix ^ Mantrakshar ^ Meaning ^ Origin language and etymology ^ Example(s) ^ | idio- |{{:blank:maine.png}} | self, one's own | Greek ἴδιος (ídios), one's own | idiopathic | ==== List of roots with Il ==== ^ Affix ^ Mantrakshar ^ Meaning ^ Origin language and etymology ^ Example(s) ^ | ileo- | | ileum | Greek εἰλεός (eileós), to shut in, intestinal obstruction | ileocecal valve | ==== List of roots with In ==== ^ Affix ^ Mantrakshar ^ Meaning ^ Origin language and etymology ^ Example(s) ^ | infra- |{{:blank:below.png}} | below | Latin īnfrā, below | infrahyoid muscles | | inter- |{{:blank:among.png}} | between, among | Latin inter | interarticular ligament | | intra- |{{:blank:in.png}} | within | Latin intrā | intramural | ==== List of roots with Ip ==== ^ Affix ^ Mantrakshar ^ Meaning ^ Origin language and etymology ^ Example(s) ^ | ipsi- |{{:blank:ipsi.png}} | same | Latin ipsi- | ipsilateral | ==== List of roots with Ir ==== ^ Affix ^ Mantrakshar ^ Meaning ^ Origin language and etymology ^ Example(s) ^ |irid(o)- |{{:blank:iris.png}} | of or pertaining to the iris | Latin īrīs, rainbow; from Greek ἶρις (îris), rainbow | iridectomy | ==== List of roots with Is ==== ^ Affix ^ Mantrakshar ^ Meaning ^ Origin language and etymology ^ Example(s) ^ | isch- |{{:blank:restrict.png}} | restriction | Greek ἴσχω (ískhō), hold back, restrain | ischemia | | ischio- | {{:blank:ischium.png}} | of or pertaining to the ischium, the hip-joint | Greek ἰσχίον (iskhíon), hip-joint, ischium | ischioanal fossa | | -ism | {{:blank:condition.png}} | condition, disease | Greek -ισμός (-ismós), suffix forming abstract nouns of state, condition, doctrine | dwarfism | | -ismus |{{:blank:contract-tube.png}} | spasm, contraction | Greek -ισμός | hemiballismus | | iso- |{{:blank:equal.png}} | denoting something as being equal | Greek ἴσος (ísos), equal | isotonic | | -ist |{{:blank:student.png}} | one who specializes in | Greek -ιστής (-istḗs), agent noun, one who practices | pathologist | ==== List of roots with It ==== ^ Affix ^ Mantrakshar ^ Meaning ^ Origin language and etymology ^ Example(s) ^ | -ite |{{:blank:resemble.png}}| the nature of, resembling | Latin -ītēs, those belonging to, from Greek -ίτης (-ítēs) | dendrite | | -itis |{{:blank:inflame.png}} | inflammation | Greek -ῖτις (-îtis) fem. form of -ίτης (-ítēs), pertaining to, because it was used with the feminine noun νόσος (nósos, disease), thus -îtis nósos, disease of the, disease pertaining to | tonsillitis | ==== List of roots with Iu ==== ^ Affix ^ Mantrakshar ^ Meaning ^ Origin language and etymology ^ Example(s) ^ | -ium |{{:blank:structure.png}} | structure, tissue | Latin -ium, aggregation or mass of (such as tissue) | pericardium | ===== List of words with U ===== ==== List of roots with Ul ==== ^ Affix ^Mantrakshar ^ Meaning ^ Origin language and etymology ^ Example(s) ^ | -ula, -ule |{{:blank:small.png}} | small | Latin | Nodule | | ultra- | {{:blank:beyond.png}} | beyond, excessive | Latin ultra | ultrasound, ultraviolet | ==== List of roots with Um ==== ^ Affix ^Mantrakshar ^ Meaning ^ Origin language and etymology ^ Example(s) ^ | umbilic- |{{:blank:umbilicus.png}} | of or pertaining to the navel, the umbilicus | Latin umbilīcus, navel, belly-button | umbilical | ==== List of roots with Un ==== ^ Affix ^Mantrakshar ^ Meaning ^ Origin language and etymology ^ Example(s) ^ | ungui- |{{:blank:nails.png}} | of or pertaining to the nail, a claw | Latin unguis, nail, claw | unguiform, ungual | | un(i)- | 1 | one | Latin ūnus | unilateral hearing loss | ==== List of roots with Ur ==== ^ Affix ^Mantrakshar ^ Meaning ^ Origin language and etymology ^ Example(s) ^ | ur- |{{:blank:urine.png}} | of or pertaining to urine, the urinary system | Greek οὐρέω, οὐρεῖν (ouréō, oureîn); οὖρον (oûron), urine | antidiuretic, diuresis, diuretic, dysuria, enuresis, polyurea, polyuria, uraemia/uremia, uremic, ureter, urethra, urology | | urin- |{{:blank:urine.png}} | of or pertaining to urine, the urinary system | Latin ūrīna, urine < Greek οὖρον (oûron), see ur- above. | uriniferous | ==== List of roots with Ut ==== ^ Affix ^Mantrakshar ^ Meaning ^ Origin language and etymology ^ Example(s) ^ | uter(o)-|{{:blank:uterus.png}} | of or pertaining to the uterus or womb | Latin uterus, womb, uterus | uterus | ===== List of words with E ===== ^ Affix ^Mantrakshar ^ Meaning ^ Origin language and etymology ^ Example(s) ^ |-eal (see -al) | {{:blank:of.png}} | pertaining to | English -al, from Latin -ālis | adenohypophyseal, corneal, esophageal, perineal | ==== List of roots with Ec ==== ^ Affix ^ Mantrakshar ^ Meaning ^ Origin language and etymology ^ Example(s) ^ | ec- |{{:blank:out.png}}| out, away | Greek ἐκ (ek), out of, from | ectopia, ectopic pregnancy | |ect(o)- |{{:blank:out.png}}| outer, outside | Greek ἐκτός (ektós) | ectoblast, ectoderm, ectoplasm | |-ectasia, -ectasis |{{:blank:dilate.png}} | expansion, dilation | Greek ἔκτασις (éktasis) | bronchiectasis, telangiectasia | |-ectomy |{{:blank:cut.png}} | denotes a surgical operation or removal of a body part; resection, excision | Greek ἐκτομή (ektomḗ), excision | mastectomy | ==== List of roots with Em ==== ^ Affix ^ Mantrakshar ^ Meaning ^ Origin language and etymology ^ Example(s) ^ |-emesis |{{:blank:vomit.png}} | vomiting condition | Greek ἕμεσις (hémesis) | hematemesis | |-emia | {{:blank:emia.png}} | blood condition (Am. Engl.) | Greek αἷμα (haîma), "blood" | anemia | ==== List of roots with En ==== ^ Affix ^ Mantrakshar ^ Meaning ^ Origin language and etymology ^ Example(s) ^ |encephal(o)- |{{:blank:brain.png}} | of or pertaining to the brain; see also cerebro- | Greek ἐγκέφαλος (enképhalos), the brain | encephalogram | |endo- |{{:blank:in.png}} | denotes something as inside or within | Greek ἔνδον (éndon), inside, internal | endocrinology, endospore, endoskeleton | |eosin(o)-|{{:blank:red.png}}| having a red color | Greek ἠώς (ēṓs), dawn, daybreak, morning red, goddess of the dawn (Ἠώς, Ēṓs) | eosinophil granulocyte | |enter(o)-|{{:blank:intestine.png}} | of or pertaining to the intestine | Greek ἔντερον (énteron), intestine | gastroenterology | ==== List of roots with Ep ==== ^ Affix ^ Mantrakshar ^ Meaning ^ Origin language and etymology ^ Example(s) ^ |epi- |{{:blank:on.png}}|on, upon|Greek ἐπι- (epi-), before, upon, on, outside, outside of |epicardium, epidermis, epidural, episclera, epistaxis, epidemic | | episi(o)- |{{:blank:loin.png}} | of or pertaining to the pubic region, the loins | Greek ἐπίσιον (epísion), the pubic area, loins; vulva | episiotomy | ==== List of roots with Er ==== ^ Affix ^ Mantrakshar ^ Meaning ^ Origin language and etymology ^ Example(s) ^ |erythr(o)-|{{:blank:red.png}} | having a red color | Greek ἐρυθρός (eruthrós), red | erythrocyte | ==== List of roots with Es ==== ^ Affix ^ Mantrakshar ^ Meaning ^ Origin language and etymology ^ Example(s) ^ |-esophageal, -esophago-| {{:blank:gullet.png}}| gullet (AmE) | Greek οἰσοφάγος (oisophágos) | esophagus | |esthesio- |{{:blank:sensation.png}} | sensation (AmE) | Greek αἴσθησις (aísthēsis), to perceive | esthesioneuroblastoma, esthesia | ==== List of roots with Eu ==== ^ Affix ^ Mantrakshar ^ Meaning ^ Origin language and etymology ^ Example(s) ^ |eu- |{{:blank:good.png}} | true, good, well, new | εὖ (eû) | eukaryote | ==== List of roots with Ex ==== ^ Affix ^ Mantrakshar ^ Meaning ^ Origin language and etymology ^ Example(s) ^ |ex- |{{:blank:out.png}} | out of, away from | Latin ex- | excision, except | |exo- |{{:blank:out.png}} | denotes something as "outside" another | Greek ἔξω (éxō), outside of, external | exophthalmos, exoskeleton, exoplanet | |extra- |{{:blank:out.png}} | outside | Latin extra, outside of, beyond | extradural hematoma extraordinary, extreme | ===== List of words with O ===== ==== List of roots with Oc ==== ^ Affix ^Mantrakshar ^ Meaning ^ Origin language and etymology ^ Example(s) ^ | ocul- |{{:blank:eye.png}} | of or pertaining to the eye | Latin oculus, the eye | Oculist | ==== List of roots with Od ==== ^ Affix ^Mantrakshar ^ Meaning ^ Origin language and etymology ^ Example(s) ^ | odont- |{{:blank:teeth.png}}| of or pertaining to teeth|Greek ὀδούς, ὀδοντ- (odoús, odont-, tooth | orthodontist | | odyn- |{{:blank:pain.png}} | pain | Greek ὀδύνη (odúnē) | stomatodynia | ==== List of roots with Oe ==== ^ Affix ^Mantrakshar ^ Meaning ^ Origin language and etymology ^ Example(s) ^ |-oesophageal, oesophago- (BrE) | {{:blank:gullet.png}} | gullet | Greek οἰσοφᾰ́γος (oisophágos) | oesophagus | ==== List of roots with Oi ==== ^ Affix ^Mantrakshar ^ Meaning ^ Origin language and etymology ^ Example(s) ^ | -oid |{{:blank:similar.png}} | resemblance to | Greek -ειδής (-eidḗs), like, connected to, pertaining to | Sarcoidosis | ==== List of roots with Ol ==== ^ Affix ^Mantrakshar ^ Meaning ^ Origin language and etymology ^ Example(s) ^ | ole |{{:blank:small.png}}| small or little | Latin -olus, suffix to form a diminutive of the noun | arteriole | | olig- |{{:blank:few.png}}| having little, having few | Greek ὀλῐ́γος (olígos), few | oligotrophy | ==== List of roots with Om ==== ^ Affix ^Mantrakshar ^ Meaning ^ Origin language and etymology ^ Example(s) ^ | om(o)- |{{:blank:shoulder.png}} | shoulder | Greek ὦμος (ômos), shoulder | omoplate | |-oma (singular), -omata (plural) |{{:blank:bouba.png}} | tumor, mass, fluid collection | Greek -μα (-ma), suffix added to verbs to form nouns indicating the result of a process or action; cf. English -tion | sarcoma, teratoma, mesothelioma | | omphal(o)- |{{:blank:umbilicus.png}} | of or pertaining to the navel, the umbilicus | Greek ὀμφαλός (omphalós), navel, belly-button | omphalotomy | ==== List of roots with On ==== ^ Affix ^Mantrakshar ^ Meaning ^ Origin language and etymology ^ Example(s) ^ | onco- | {{:blank:bouba.png}} | tumor, bulk, volume | Greek ὄγκος (ónkos) | oncology | | -one | | | | hormone | | onych(o)- |{{:blank:nails.png}} | of or pertaining to the nail (of a finger or toe) | Greek ὄνυξ, ὀνυχο- (ónux, onukho-), nail; claw; talon | onychophagy | ==== List of roots with Oo ==== ^ Affix ^Mantrakshar ^ Meaning ^ Origin language and etymology ^ Example(s) ^ | oo- |{{:blank:egg.png}} | of or pertaining to an (egg), a woman's egg, the ovum | Greek ᾠόν, ᾠο- (ōión, ōio-), egg, ovum | oogenesis | | oophor(o)- | {{:blank:ovaries.png}} | of or pertaining to the woman's (ovary) | Neoclassical Greek ᾠοφόρον (ōiophóron), ovary, egg-bearing | oophorectomy | ==== List of roots with Op ==== ^ Affix ^Mantrakshar ^ Meaning ^ Origin language and etymology ^ Example(s) ^ | ophthalm(o)- |{{:blank:eye.png}} | of or pertaining to the (eye) | Greek ὀφθαλμός (ophthalmós), the eye | ophthalmology | | opistho- |{{::blank:back.png}} | back, behind, rear[8] | Greek ὄπῐσθεν (ópisthen), behind, at the back | opisthotonus | | -opsy |{{::blank:view.png}} | examination or inspection | Greek ὄψῐς (ópsis), view | biopsy, autopsy | | optic(o)- | {{:blank:eye.png}} | of or relating to chemical properties of the eye | Middle French optique; from Greek ὀπτῐκός (optikós); cognate with Latin oculus, relating to the eye | opticochemical, biopsy | ==== List of roots with Or ==== ^ Affix ^Mantrakshar ^ Meaning ^ Origin language and etymology ^ Example(s) ^ | or(o)- |{{:blank:mouth.png}} | of or pertaining to the mouth | Latin ōs, ōris, mouth | oral | | -or | {{:blank:doer.png}} | one who, agent noun–forming suffix | generally appended where Latin would do it—to the root of a Latin-type perfect passive participle. Cf. -er | doctor | | orchi(o)-, orchid(o)-, orch(o)- | {{:blank:testis.png}} | testis | Greek ὄρχις (órkhis), testicle, ovary | orchiectomy, orchidectomy | | orth(o)- |{{::blank:straight.png}} | denoting something as straight or correct | Greek ὀρθός (orthós), straight, correct, normal | orthodontist | ==== List of roots with Os ==== ^ Affix ^Mantrakshar ^ Meaning ^ Origin language and etymology ^ Example(s) ^ | -osis | {{:blank:condition.png}} | a condition, disease or increase | Greek -ωσις (-ōsis), state, abnormal condition, action | Harlequin type ichthyosis, psychosis, osteoporosis | | ossi-, osse- | {{:blank:bone.png}} | bone, bony | Latin os, bone | peripheral ossifying fibroma, osseous | | ost(e)-, oste(o)- |{{:blank:bone.png}} | bone | Greek ὀστέον (ostéon), bone | osteoporosis, osteoarthritis | ==== List of roots with Ot ==== ^ Affix ^Mantrakshar ^ Meaning ^ Origin language and etymology ^ Example(s) ^ | ot(o)- | {{:blank:ear.png}} | of or pertaining to the ear | Greek οὖς, ὠτ- (oûs, ōt-), the ear | otology | ==== List of roots with Ou ==== ^ Affix ^Mantrakshar ^ Meaning ^ Origin language and etymology ^ Example(s) ^ | -ous | {{:blank:full.png}} | pertaining to | Latin -ōsus, full of, prone to | porous | ==== List of roots with Ov ==== ^ Affix ^Mantrakshar ^ Meaning ^ Origin language and etymology ^ Example(s) ^ | ovari(o)- | {{:blank:ovaries.png}} | of or pertaining to the ovaries | Latin ōvarium, ovary | ovariectomy | | ovo-, ovi-, ov- | {{:blank:egg.png}} | of or pertaining to the eggs, the ovum | Latin (ōvum), egg, ovum | ovogenesis | ==== List of roots with Ox ==== ^ Affix ^Mantrakshar ^ Meaning ^ Origin language and etymology ^ Example(s) ^ | oxo-, ox/i | | addition of oxygen | | | | oxy- | {{:blank:sharp.png}} | sharp, acid, acute; oxygen | borrowed from French oxygène (originally principe oxigine, 'acidifying principle', referring to oxygen's role in the formation of acids, from Greek ὀξύς (oxús), sharp, pointed + γένος (génos), birth) | oxytocin, oxygenated, oxycodone | ===== List of words with K ===== |kal- | | potassium | New Latin kalium, potassium | hyperkalemia | |kary- | {{:blank:nucleus.png}} | nucleus | Greek κάρυον (káruon), nut | eukaryote | |kerat- | {{:blank:cornea.png}} | cornea (eye or skin) | Greek κέρας (kéras), horn | keratoscope | |kine- | {{:blank:move-wheel.png}} | movement | Greek κινέω (kinéō), to move, to change | akinetopsia, kinesthesia | |koil- | {{:blank:hollow.png}} | hollow | Greek κοῖλος (koîlos) | koilocyte | |kyph- | {{:blank:hump.png}} | humped | Greek κυφός (kuphós), bent forward, stooping, hunchbacked | kyphoscoliosis | ===== List of words with G ===== ^ Affix ^Mantrakshar ^ Meaning ^ Origin language and etymology ^ Example(s) ^ |galact- | {{:blank:milk.png}}| milk | Greek γάλα, γαλακτ- (gála, galakt-) | galactorrhea, galaxy | |gastr- |{{:blank:stomach.png?70px}} | of or pertaining to the stomach | Greek γαστήρ, γαστρ- (gastḗr, gastr-), stomach, belly | gastroenterology, gastropod | |-gen | {{:blank:produce.png}} | *born in, from | Greek -γενής (-genḗs), from γεν-νάειν (gen-náein), to be born | *endogen | | | | of a certain kind | | heterogenous | |-genic |{{:blank:produce.png}} | formative; pertaining to producing | Greek -γενής (-genḗs) | cardiogenic shock | |genu- |{{:blank:knee.png}} | of or pertaining to the knee | Latin genū, knee | genu valgum | |-geusia|{{:blank:taste.png}} | taste | Greek γεῦσις (geûsis) | ageusia, dysgeusia, hypergeusia, hypogeusia, parageusia | |gingiv- | {{:blank:gums.png}} | of or pertaining to the gums | Latin gingīva, gum | gingivitis | |gon- |{{:blank:seed.png}} | seed, semen; reproductive | Greek γόνος (gónos), fruit, seed, procreating | gonorrhea | ==== List of words with Gl ==== |glauc(o)-|{{:blank:gray.png}} | Having a grey or bluish-grey colour | Greek γλαυκός (glaukós), grey, bluish-grey | glaucoma | |gloss(o)-, glott(o)- |{{:blank:tongue.png}} | of or pertaining to the tongue | Greek γλῶσσα, γλῶττα (glôssa, glôtta), tongue | glossology | | gluco- |{{:blank:sweet.png}} | sweet | Greek γλυκύς (glukús), sweet | glucocorticoid, glucose | |glyc- | | sugar | Greek γλυκύς (glukús), sweet | glycolysis | ==== List of words with Gn ==== |gnath- |{{:blank:jaw.png}}| of or pertaining to the jaw | Greek γνάθος (gnáthos), jaw | gnathodynamometer | |-gnosis |{{:blank:knowledge.png}} | knowledge | Greek γνῶσις (gnôsis), inquiry, knowledge | diagnosis, prognosis | ==== List of words with Gr ==== |-gram, -gramme | {{:blank:picture.png}} | record or picture | Greek γράμμα (grámma), picture, letter, writing | angiogram, gramophone | | -graph | {{:blank:write.png}} | instrument used to record data or picture | Greek -γραφία (-graphía), written, drawn, graphic interpretation | electrocardiograph, seismograph | | -graphy | {{:blank:write.png}} | process of recording | Greek -γραφία (-graphía), written, drawn, graphic interpretation | angiography | ==== List of words with Gy ==== |gyno-, gynaeco- (BrE), gyneco- (AmE) | {{:blank:woman.png}} | woman | Greek γυνή, γυναικ (gunḗ, gunaik) | gynaecology, gynecomastia, gynoecium | ===== List of words with C ===== ==== words with ca- ==== ^ Affix ^Mantrakshar ^ Meaning ^ Origin language and etymology ^ Example(s) ^ |capill- |{{:blank:hair.png}} | of or pertaining to hair | Latin capillus, hair | capillus | |capit- |{{:blank:head.png}} | pertaining to the head as a whole | Latin caput, capit-, the head | capitation, decapitation | |carcin- |{{:blank:bouba.png}} | cancer | Greek καρκίνος (karkínos), crab | carcinoma | |cardi- |{{:blank:heart-fluids.png}} | of or pertaining to the heart | Greek καρδία (kardía), heart | cardiology | |carp- |{{:blank:wrist.png}} | of or pertaining to the wrist | Latin (carpus) < Greek καρπός (karpós), wrist; NOTE: This root should not be confused with the mirror root carp(o)- meaning fruit. | carpal, carpopedal spasm, metacarpal | | cata- |{{:blank:down.png}}| down, under | Greek κατά (katá) | catabolism, catacombs, cataract | ==== words with ci- ==== | -cidal, -cide |{{:blank:kill.png}} | killing, destroying | Latin -cīda, cutter, killer | bacteriocidal, suicide, suicidal | | cili- | | of or pertaining to the cilia, the eyelashes; eyelids | Latin cilium, eyelash; eyelid | ciliary | | circum- |{{:blank:around.png}}| denoting something as 'around' another | Latin circum, around | circumcision | | cis- | | on this side | Latin cis | cisgender | ==== words with cu- ==== | cutane- |{{:blank:skin.png}} | skin | Latin cutis | subcutaneous | |cyan(o)-|{{:blank:blue.png}}|having a blue color |Greek κύανος, κυάνεος (kúanos, kuáneos, blue, of the color blue) | cyanopsia | ==== words with ce- ==== | -cele |{{:blank:sac.png}} | pouching, hernia | Greek κήλη (kḗlē) | Hydrocele, Varicocele | | -centesis | {{:blank:hole.png}} | surgical puncture for aspiration | Greek κέντησις (kéntēsis) | amniocentesis | |cephal(o)-| {{:blank:head.png}} | of or pertaining to the head (as a whole) | Greek κεφαλή (kephalḗ), the head | cephalalgy, hydrocephalus | | cerat(o)- | {{:blank:horn.png}} | of or pertaining to the cornu; a horn | Greek κέρας, κερατ- (kéras, kerat-), a horn | ceratoid | |cerebell(o)- |{{:blank:cerebellum.png}}| of or pertaining to the cerebellum | Latin cerebellum, little brain | cerebellum | |cerebr(o)- |{{:blank:cerebrum.png}}| of or pertaining to the brain | Latin cerebrum, brain | cerebrology | |cervic- | {{:blank:neck.png}} | of or pertaining to the neck or the cervix | Latin cervix, cervīc-), neck, cervix | cervical vertebrae, cervicodorsal | ==== words with co- ==== | co- |{{:blank:with.png}}| with, together, in association | Latin co- | coenzymes, co-organization | |-coccus, ‑coccal|{{:blank:round.png}}| round, spherical | Greek κόκκος (kókkos), berry, seed | Streptococcus | | col-, colo-, colono- | {{:blank:colon.png}} | colon | Greek κόλον (kólon) | colonoscopy | | colp- |{{:blank:vagina.png}} | of or pertaining to the vagina | Greek κόλπος (kólpos), bosom, womb; hollow, depth | colposcopy | |com- |{{:blank:with.png}}| with, together | Latin cum | communicate | |contra- |{{:blank:against.png}} | against | Latin contrā | contraindication | |cor- |{{:blank:with.png}} | with, together | Latin cor- | corrective | |cor- |{{:blank:pupil.png}} | of or pertaining to the eye's pupil | Greek κόρη (kórē), girl, doll; pupil of the eye | corectomy | |cord(i)- |{{:blank:heart-fluids.png}} | of or pertaining to the heart (uncommon as a prefix) | Latin cor, heart | commotio cordis, | |cornu- |{{:blank:horn.png}}|applied to describing processes and parts of the body as likened or similar to horns|Latin cornū, horn| greater cornu | | coron- |{{:blank:heart.png}}| pertaining to the heart | Latin corōna | coronary heart disease | | cortic- |{{:blank:peripheral.png}}| cortex, outer region | Latin cortex, bark of a tree | corticosteroid | | cost- |{{:blank:ribs.png}}| of or pertaining to the ribs | Latin costa, rib | costochondral | | cox- |{{:blank:hip.png}} | of or relating to the hip, haunch, or hip-joint | Latin coxa, hip | coxopodite | ==== words with ch ==== |cheil- |{{:blank:lips.png}} | of or pertaining to the lips | Greek χεῖλος (kheîlos), lip, mouth, beak | angular cheilitis | |chem(o)- |{{:blank:drug.png}} | chemistry, drug | Greek χημεία (khēmeía) | chemical, chemistry, chemotherapy | |chir-, cheir- |{{:blank:hand.png}}| of or pertaining to the hand | Greek χείρ, χειρο- (kheír, kheiro-), hand | chiropractor | |chlor- |{{:blank:green.png}}| denoting a green color | Greek χλωρός (khlōrós), green, yellow-green | chlorophyll | |chol(e)- | {{:blank:bile.png}} | of or pertaining to bile | Greek χολή (kholḗ), bile | cholaemia (UK) / cholemia (US), cholecystitis | |cholecyst(o)- | | of or pertaining to the gallbladder | Greek χοληκύστις (kholēkústis), gallbladder < χολή (kholḗ), bile, gall + κύστις (kústis), bladder | cholecystectomy | |chondr(i)o- | |cartilage, gristle, granule, granular | Greek χονδρός (grc) | chondrocalcinosis | |chrom(ato)- |{{:blank:colour.png}} | color | Greek χρῶμα (khrôma) | hemochromatosis | ==== words with cl- ==== | -clast |{{:blank:break.png}} | break | Greek κλαστός (klastós), broken | osteoclast | | clostr- |{{:blank:thread.png}} | spindle | Greek κλωστήρ (klōstḗr), spindle, thread | Clostridium | ==== words with cr- ==== | crani(o)- | {{:blank:skull.png}} | belonging or relating to the cranium | Latin cranium, from Greek κρᾱνίον (krāníon), cranium, skull, bones enclosing the brain | craniology | | -crine, crin(o)- | {{:blank:secrete.png}} | to secrete | Greek κρίνω (krínō), separate, divide, discern | endocrine | | cry(o)- | {{:blank:cold.png}} | cold | Greek κρύος (krúos), cold, frost | cryoablation, cryogenic | ==== words with cy- ==== | cycl- | {{:blank:circularly.png}} | circle, cycle | Greek κύκλος (kúklos) | cyclosis, cyclops, tricycle | |cyph(o)-| {{:blank:hump.png}} | denotes something as bent (uncommon as a prefix) | Greek κυφός (kuphós), bent, hunchback | cyphosis | | cyst(o)-, cyst(i)- | {{:blank:urinary_bladder.png}} | of or pertaining to the urinary bladder | Greek κύστις (kústis), bladder, cyst | cystotomy | | cyt(o)-, -cyte | {{:blank:cell.png}} | cell | Greek κύτος (kútos), a hollow, vessel | cytokine, leukocyte, cytoplasm | ===== List of words with J ===== ^ Affix ^Mantrakshar ^ Meaning ^ Origin language and etymology ^ Example(s) ^ | juxta- |{{:blank:near.png}} | near to, alongside, or next to | Latin iuxta | juxtaglomerular apparatus | ===== List of words with T ===== ^ Affix ^Mantrakshar ^ Meaning ^ Origin language and etymology ^ Example(s) ^ | tachy- |{{:blank:fast.png}} | denoting something as fast, irregularly fast | Greek τᾰχῠ́ς (takhús), fast, quickly | tachycardia | |-tension, -tensive |{{:blank:tension.png}} | pressure | Latin tēnsiō, stretching, extension, tension | hypertension | | terato- | {{:blank:monster.png}} | Monster | Greek τέρᾰς (téras) | teratoma, teratogen | | tetan- |{{:blank:strong.png}} | rigid, tense | Greek τέτανος (tétanos) | tetanus | | -tic | {{:blank:of.png}} | pertaining to | Greek -τῐκός (-tikós), adjective-forming suffix denoting: relating to, able to, suited to | | | toco- | {{:blank:child_birth.png}} | childbirth | Greek τόκος (tókos) | tocolytic | |-tome | {{:blank:cut.png}} | cutting instrument | Greek τομή (tomḗ), intersection | | |-tomy |{{:blank:cut.png}} | act of cutting; incising, incision | Greek τομία (-tomía) | Gastrotomy | |ton- |{{:blank:tension.png}} | tone, tension, pressure | Greek τόνος (tónos), rope, cord; tension | | |-tony |{{:blank:tension.png}} | tension | Greek -τονία (-tonía) | | |top(o)- |{{:blank:place.png}} | place, topical | Greek τόπος (tópos) | Topical anesthetic | |tort(i)- |{{:blank:twisted.png}} | twisted | Latin tortus | Torticollis | |tox(i)-, tox(o)-, toxic(o)- |{{:blank:poison.png}} | toxin, poison | Greek τοξικόν (toxikón), bow (archery), bow-related; from Greek τοξικόν φάρμᾰκον (toxikón phármakon), poison for smearing arrows with | Toxoplasmosis | |tympan(o)- |{{:blank:ear_drum.png}} | eardrum | Greek τῠ́μπᾰνον (túmpanon), drum, eardrum | tympanocentesis | ==== List of words with Th ==== | thec- | {{:blank:pouch.png}} | case, sheath | Greek θήκη (thḗkē) | intrathecal | | thel- |{{:blank:nipple.png}} | of or pertaining to a nipple (uncommon as a prefix) | Greek θηλή (thēlḗ), a teat, nipple | Theleplasty, thelarche | | thely- |{{:blank:female.png}} | denoting something as relating to a woman, feminine | Greek θῆλῠς (thêlus), female, feminine | Thelygenous | | therap- |{{:blank:treat.png}} | treatment | Greek θερᾰπείᾱ (therapeíā) | hydrotherapy, therapeutic | |therm(o)- |{{:blank:temperature.png}} | heat | Greek θερμός (thermós) | hypothermia | |thorac(i)-, thorac(o)-, thoracico- |{{:blank:thorax.png}} | of or pertaining to the upper chest, chest; the area above the breast and under the neck | Latin thōrāx < Greek θώρᾱξ (thṓrāx), chest, cuirass | thoracic, thorax | |thromb(o)- |{{:blank:clot.png}} | of or relating to a blood clot, clotting of blood | Greek θρόμβος (thrómbos), lump, piece, clot of blood | thrombus, thrombocytopenia | |thyr(o)- |{{:blank:thyroid-form.png}} | thyroid | Greek θῠρεός (thureós), large oblong shield; + εἶδος (eîdos), a form or shape | | |thym- |{{:blank:emotion.png}} | emotions | Greek θῡμός (thūmós), spirit, soul; courage; breath, mind, emotions | dysthymia | ==== List of words with Tr ==== |trache(a)- |{{:blank:trachea.png}} | trachea | Greek τραχεῖα (trakheîa), windpipe | Tracheotomy | |trachel(o)- |{{:blank:neck.png}} | of or pertaining to the neck | Greek τρᾰ́χηλος (trákhēlos), neck | tracheloplasty | |trans- |{{:blank:through.png}} | denoting something as moving or situated across or through | Latin trāns, across, through | Transfusion | | tri- | 3 | three | Latin tri- | triangle, triceps | |trich(i)-, trichia, trich(o)- |{{:blank:hair.png}} | of or pertaining to hair, hair-like structure | Greek θρῐ́ξ (thríx), hair | trichocyst | | -tripsy |{{:blank:crush.png}} | crushing | Greek τρῖψις (trípsis), rubbing, friction | lithotripsy | | -trophy |{{:blank:nourish.png}} | nourishment, development | Greek τροφή (trophḗ), food, nourishment | pseudohypertrophy | |-trop | {{:blank:turn_toward.png}} | turned toward, with an orientation toward, having an affinity for, affecting | Greek (trópos), turn, way, manner, style | geotropic, phototropic | ===== List of words with D ===== ^ Affix ^Mantrakshar ^ Meaning ^ Origin language and etymology ^ Example(s) ^ |dacry(o)-|{{:blank:cry.png}} | of or pertaining to tears | Greek δάκρυ, tear | dacryoadenitis, dacryocystitis | |-dactyl(o)- |{{:blank:finger.png}}| of or pertaining to a finger, toe | Greek δάκτυλος (dáktulos), finger, toe | dactylology, polydactyly | |de- |{{:blank:away.png}}| from, down, or away from | Latin de- | dehydrate, demonetize, demotion | |dent- |{{:blank:teeth.png}} | of or pertaining to teeth | Latin dens, dentis, tooth | dentist, dental | |dermat(o)-, derm(o)- |{{::blank:skin.png}} | of or pertaining to the skin | Greek δέρμα, δέρματος (dérma, dérmatos), skin, human skin | dermatology, epidermis, hypodermic, xeroderma | |-desis |{{:blank:bind.png}}| binding | Greek δέσις (désis) | arthrodesis | |dextr(o)- |{{:blank:right.png}}| right, on the right side | Latin dexter | dextrocardia | |di- | 2 | two | Greek δι- | diplopia, | |di- |{{:blank:apart.png}}| apart, separation | Latin dis- | dilation, distal, dilute | |dia- |{{:blank:through.png}}| through, during, across | Greek διά (diá), through, during, across| dialysis | |dif- |{{:blank:apart.png}}| apart, separation | Latin dif- | different | |digit- |{{:blank:finger.png}}|of or pertaining to the finger [rare as a root] |Latin digitus, finger, toe | digit | |diplo- | 2 | twofold | Greek διπλόος (diplóos) | diploid, diplosis | | -dipsia | {{:blank:thirst.png}} | (condition of) thirst | Greek δίψα (dípsa) | dipsomania, hydroadipsia, oligodipsia, polydipsia | |dis- |{{:blank:separate.png}} | separation, taking apart | Latin dis- | dissection | |dors(o)-, dors(i)- |{{:blank:dorsal.png}} | of or pertaining to the back | Latin dorsum, back | dorsal, dorsocephalad | |duodeno- | 12 | twelve | Latin duodeni | duodenal atresia, duodenum | |dura- |{{:blank:hard.png}} | hard | Latin durus | dura mater | ==== List of roots with Dr ==== ^ Affix ^Mantrakshar ^ Meaning ^ Origin language and etymology ^ Example(s) ^ |dromo- | {{:blank:run.png}} | running, conduction, course | Greek δρόμος (drómos) | dromotropic, syndrome | ==== List of roots with Dy ==== ^ Affix ^Mantrakshar ^ Meaning ^ Origin language and etymology ^ Example(s) ^ |dynam(o)- |{{:blank:force.png}} | force, energy, power | Greek δύναμις (dúnamis) | hand strength dynamometer, dynamics | |-dynia |{{:blank:pain.png}} | pain | Greek ὀδύνη (odúnē) | vulvodynia | |dys- |{{:blank:bad.png}}| bad, difficult, defective, abnormal | Greek δυσ- (dus-) | dysentery, dysphagia, dysphasia | ===== List of words with N ===== ^ Affix ^Mantrakshar ^ Meaning ^ Origin language and etymology ^ Example(s) ^ | nan(o)- | {{:blank:tiny.png}} | dwarf, small | Greek νᾶνος (nânos), dwarf | nanogram, nanosecond | | narc(o)- |{{:blank:sleep.png}} | numb, sleep | Greek νάρκη (nárkē), numbess, torpor | narcolepsy | | nas(o)- |{{:blank:nose.png}} | of or pertaining to the nose | Latin nāsus, nose | nasal | | nat(o)- |{{:blank:child_birth.png}} | birth | Latin nātus, born, arisen, made | neonatology | | necr(o)-|{{:blank:dead.png}} | death | Greek νεκρός (nekrós), dead body, corpse, dying person | necrosis, necrotizing fasciitis | | neo- |{{:blank:new.png}}| new | Greek νέος (néos), young, youthful, new, fresh | neoplasm | |nephr(o)- |{{:blank:kidneys.png}} | of or pertaining to the kidney | Greek νεφρός (nephrós), kidney | nephrology | |nerv- |{{:blank:neuron.png}} | of or pertaining to nerves and the nervous system (uncommon as a root: neuro- mostly always used) | Latin nervus, tendon, nerve; cognate with Greek νεῦρον (neûron), tendon, string, nerve | nerve, nervous system | |neur- |{{:blank:neuron.png}} | of or pertaining to nerves and the nervous system | Greek νεῦρον (neûron), tendon, sinew, nerve | neurofibromatosis | |noci- |{{:blank:pain.png}} | pain, injury, hurt | Latin noceō | nociception | |norm- |{{:blank:normal.png}} | normal | Latin nōrma, norm or standard; lit. carpenter's square | normocapnia | ===== List of words with P ===== ^ Affix ^ Mantrakshar ^ Meaning ^ Origin language and etymology ^ Example(s) ^ | pachy- |{{:blank:thick.png}} | thick | Greek πᾰχῠ́ς (pakhús), thick, large, stout | pachyderma, pachyderm | | -pagus | {{:blank:conjoined_twin.png}} | Indicates conjoined twins, with the first part denoting the organs fused | Greek πάγος (págos), fixed, set, fastened | xiphopagus | | palpebr-| {{:blank:eyelids.png}} | of or pertaining to the eyelid | Latin palpebra, eyelid | palpebra | | pan-, pant(o)- |{{:blank:all.png}} | denoting something as 'complete' or containing 'everything'; "all" | Greek πᾶς, παν- (pâs, pan-), all, every | panophobia, panopticon, pancytopenia (deficiency in all blood cell types - erythrocytes, leukocytes, thrombocytes) | | papill- |{{:blank:nipple.png}} | of or pertaining to the nipple (of the chest/breast) | Latin papilla, nipple; diminutive of papula (see below) | papillitis | | papul(o)- |{{:blank:elevation.png}} | Indicates papulosity, a small elevation or swelling in the skin, a pimple, swelling | Latin papula, pimple, pustle; a small elevation or swelling in the skin | papulation | | para- |{{:blank:aside.png}} | alongside of | Greek πᾰρᾰ́ (pará) | paracyesis | | -paresis | | slight paralysis | Greek πάρεσις (páresis) | hemiparesis | | parvo- |{{:blank:small.png}} | small | Latin parvus, small, little, unimportant | Parvovirus | | path(o)-|{{:blank:disease.png}} | disease | Greek πᾰ́θος (páthos), pain, suffering, condition | Pathology | | -pathy |{{:blank:disease.png}} | denotes (with a negative sense) a disease, or disorder | Greek πᾰ́θος (páthos), suffering, accident | sociopathy, neuropathy | | pauci- |{{:blank:few.png}} | Few | Latin paucus | Pauci-immune | | pector- |{{:blank:chest.png}} | breast or chest | Latin pectus | pectoralgia, pectoriloquy, pectorophony | | ped-, -ped-, -pes|{{:blank:sole.png}} | of or pertaining to the foot; -footed | Latin pēs, pēd-, foot | Pedoscope | | ped-, pedo- |{{:blank:child.png}} | of or pertaining to the child | Greek παῖς, παιδός (paîs, paidós), child | pediatrics. pedophilia | | pelv(i)-, pelv(o)- |{{:blank:hip.png}} | hip bone | Latin pelvis, basin | Pelvis | |-penia |{{:blank:less.png}} | deficiency | Greek πενῐ́ᾱ, poverty, indigence | osteopenia | | peo- |{{:blank:penis.png}} | of or pertaining to the penis | Greek πέος (péos) | Peotomy | | -pepsia | {{:blank:digest.png}} | denotes something relating to digestion, or the digestive tract. | Greek πεπτός (peptós), cooked, digested < πέσσω (péssō), I boil, cook; digest | dyspepsia | | per- |{{:blank:through.png}} | through | Latin per, through, by means of | percutaneous | | peri- |{{:blank:around.png}} | denoting something with a position 'surrounding' or 'around' another | Greek περῐ́ (perí), around, about, concerning | periodontal | | -pexy | {{:blank:fix.png}} | fixation | Greek πῆξις (pêxis), fixing in place, fastening | nephropexy | | pia |{{:blank:soft.png}} | soft | Medieval Latin pia mater, tender mother, from Latin pia, pius, pious, dutiful, good | pia mater | | piri- | {{:blank:pear.png}} | Pear | Latin pirum, cognate with Greek ἄπιον (ápion), pear | Piriformis muscle | | pod-, -pod-, -pus |{{:blank:sole.png}} | of or pertaining to the foot, -footed | Greek πούς, ποδ- (poús, pod-), foot | podiatry | | -poiesis |{{:blank:produce.png}} | production | Greek ποίησις (poíēsis), poetry, poem, creation | hematopoiesis | | polio- |{{:blank:gray.png}} | having a grey color | Greek πολῐός (poliós), grey, grizzled | poliomyelitis | | poly- |{{:blank:many.png}} | denotes a 'plurality' of something | Greek πολῠ́ς (polús), many, a lot of, large, great | polymyositis | | por- |{{:blank:hole.png}} | pore, porous | Greek πόρος (póros), passage, passageway | pore | |porphyr- |{{:blank:purple.png}} | denotes a purple color | Greek πορφύρα (porphúra), Tyrian purple, royal purple | porphyroblast | | post- |{{:blank:afterward.png}} | denotes something as 'after (time)' or 'behind (space)' another | Latin post, after, behind | postoperation, postmortem | | pulmon-, pulmo- |{{:blank:lungs.png}} | of or relating to the lungs | Latin pulmō, a lung | pulmonary | ==== List of words with Ph ==== ^ Affix ^ Mantrakshar ^ Meaning ^ Origin language and etymology ^ Example(s) ^ | phaco- | {{:blank:lens.png}} | lens-shaped | Greek φᾰκός (phakós), lentil-bean | phacolysis, phacometer, phacoscotoma | |-phagia, -phage | {{:blank:eat.png}} | Forms terms denoting conditions relating to eating or ingestion | Greek φαγία (phagía) eating < φᾰγεῖν (phageîn), to eat | Sarcophagia | |-phago- | {{:blank:eat.png}}| eating, devouring |Greek -φᾰ́γος (-phágos), eater of, eating |phagocyte | |phagist- |{{:blank:eat.png}} | Forms nouns that denote a person who 'feeds on' the first element or part of the word | Greek φαγιστής (phagistḗs) eater; see -phagia | Lotophagi | |-phagy |{{:blank:eat.png}} | Forms nouns that denotes 'feeding on' the first element or part of the word | Greek φαγία (phagia) eating; see -phagia | hematophagy | | phall- |{{:blank:penis.png}} | phallus | Greek φαλλός (phallós), penis | Aphallia | | pharmac- | {{:blank:drug.png}} | drug, medication | Greek φάρμᾰκον (phármakon), witchcraft, drug | pharmacology | | pharyng- |{{:blank:pharynx.png}} | of or pertaining to the pharynx, the upper throat cavity | Greek φᾰ́ρῠγξ, φαρυγγ- (phárunx, pharung-), throat, windpipe; chasm | pharyngitis, pharyngoscopy | |-phil(ia)|{{:blank:attract.png}} | attraction for | Greek φῐλῐ́ᾱ (philíā), friendship, love, affection | hemophilia | | phleb- |{{:blank:vein.png}} | of or pertaining to the (blood) veins, a vein | Greek φλέψ, φλεβ- (phléps, phleb-), blood-vessel, vein | phlebography, phlebotomy | | -phobia |{{:blank:fear.png}} | exaggerated fear, sensitivity, aversion | Greek φόβος (phóbos), terror, fear, flight, panic | arachnophobia | | phon- |{{:blank:sound.png}} | sound | Greek φωνή (phōnḗ) | phonograph, symphony | | phos- |{{:blank:light.png}} | of or pertaining to light or its chemical properties, now historic and used rarely. See the common root phot- below. | Greek φῶς, φᾰ́ος, φωτ- (phôs, pháos), light | phosphene | | phot- |{{:blank:light.png}} | of or pertaining to light | Greek φωτω- (phōtō-), < φῶς (phôs), light | photopathy | |phren-, phrenic- |{{:blank:mind.png}}| the mind | Greek φρήν (phrḗn), intellect, wits, mind | phrenic nerve, schizophrenia | |phyllo- |{{:blank:leaf.png}}| leaf-like | Greek φῠ́λλον (phúllon), leaf, foliage, plant | phyllodes tumour, phyllotaxis | | -phyte, phyto- |{{:blank:grow.png}} | to grow | Greek φῠτόν (phutón), plant, tree | hydrophyte | ==== List of words with Pl ==== |-plasia |{{:blank:formation.png}} | formation, development | Greek πλᾰ́σῐς (plásis), moulding, conformation | Achondroplasia | |-plasty |{{:blank:construct.png}} | surgical repair, reconstruction | Greek πλαστός (plastós), molded, formed | rhinoplasty | |-plegia |{{:blank:paralysis.png}} | paralysis | Greek πληγή (plēgḗ), stroke (from a sword), from πληγή (plēgḗ), to strike or smite | paraplegia | |pleio- |{{:blank:more.png}}| more, excessive, multiple | Greek πλεῖον (pleîon), more | pleiomorphism | |pleur- |{{:blank:ribs.png}} | of or pertaining to the ribs | Greek πλευρᾱ́ (pleurā́), rib, side of the body | Pleurogenous | |-plexy |{{:blank:attack.png}} | stroke or seizure | Greek πλήσσω, πλήσσειν (plḗssō, plḗssein), to strike or smite | Cataplexy | ==== List of words with Pn ==== |pne-, pneum- |{{:blank:air.png}} | air, breath, lung | Greek πνεῖν (pneîn), πνεῦμα, πνεύματος (pneûma, pneúmatos), πνεύμων (pneúmōn) | apnea, pneumatology, pneumonocyte, pneumonia | ==== List of words with Pr ==== |pre- |{{:blank:early.png}} | denotes something as 'before' another (in [physical] position or time) | Middle English pre-, from Medieval Latin pre- < (Classical) Latin prae-, before, in front of | premature birth | |presby- |{{:blank:old.png}} |old age |Greek πρέσβυς (présbus), old man, elder |presbyopia, presbycusis | |prim- |{{:blank:first.png}} |denotes something as 'first' or 'most-important' |Latin prīmus, first, most important | primary | |pro- |{{:blank:before.png}} |denotes something as 'before' another (in [physical] position or time) |Greek πρό- (pró-), before, in front of | procephalic | |proct- |{{:blank:anus.png}} |anus, rectum | Greek πρωκτός (prōktós), anus | proctology | |prosop- |{{:blank:face.png}} |face | Greek πρόσωπον (prósōpon), face, visage, mask | prosopagnosia | |prot- |{{:blank:first.png}} |denotes something as 'first' or 'most important' | Greek πρωτος (prōtos), first; principal, most important | protoneuron | ==== List of words with Ps ==== |pseud- |{{:blank:false.png}} | denotes something false or fake | Greek ψεύδω (pseúdō), to lie or deceive | pseudoephedrine | |psor- |{{:blank:itch.png}} | Itching | Greek ψώρα (psṓra), itch, mange, scurvy | psoriasis | |psych- |{{:blank:mind.png}} | of or pertaining to the mind | Greek ψυχή (psukhḗ), breath, life, soul | psychology, psychiatry | ==== List of words with Pt ==== |ptero-, ptery- |{{:blank:wing.png}}| Pertaining to a wing; 'pterygo-', wing-shaped | Greek πτερόν (pterón), wing, feather | lateral pterygoid plate | |-ptosis |{{:blank:fall.png}}| falling, drooping, downward placement, prolapse | Greek πτῶσῐς (ptôsis), falling | apoptosis, nephroptosis | |-ptyal-, ptyalo |{{:blank:saliva.png}} | saliva, salivary glands, sialaden | | ptyalolithiasis | |-ptysis |{{:blank:spit.png}}| spitting | Greek πτῡ́ω (ptū́ō), to spit up, disgorge; + -σις (-sis), added to verb stems to form abstract nouns or nouns of action, result or process | hemoptysis, the spitting of blood derived from the lungs or bronchial tubes | ==== List of words with Py ==== |py- |{{:blank:pus.png}}| pus | Greek πύον (púon | pyometra | |pyel- |{{:blank:pelvis.png}} | pelvis | Greek πύελος (púelos), pelvis, wash basin | pyelonephritis | |pykno- |{{:blank:thick.png}}| to thicken (as the nucleus does in early stages of cell death) | Greek πύκνωσις (púknōsis), thickening |pyknosis | |pylor- |{{:blank:gate.png}}| gate | Greek πυλωρός (pulōrós), gate keeper; lower orifice of the stomach | pyloric sphincter | |pyr- |{{:blank:fire.png}} | fever | Greek πῦρ, πυρετός (pûr, puretós), fire, heat, fever | antipyretic | ===== List of words with F ===== ^ Affix ^Mantrakshar ^ Meaning ^ Origin language and etymology ^ Example(s) ^ |faci- |{{:blank:face.png}} | of or pertaining to the face | Latin faciēs, the face, countenance | facioplegic, facial | |fibr- |{{:blank:fibre.png}} | fiber | Latin fibra, fiber, filament, entrails[2] | fibril, fibrin, fibrinous pericarditis, fibroblast, fibrosis | |fil- |{{:blank:thread.png}}| fine, hair-like | Latin fīlum, thread | filament, filum terminale | |foramen |{{:blank:hole.png}} | hole, opening, or aperture, particularly in bone | Latin forāmen | foramen magnum | |-form |{{:blank:form.png}} | used to form adjectives indicating "having the form of" | Latin fōrma, form, shape | cruciform, cuneiform, falciform | |fore- |{{:blank:before.png}} | before or ahead | Old English fōr(e)-, before, in front of | foregut, foreshadow | |fossa |{{:blank:pit.png}} | a hollow or depressed area; a trench or channel | Latin fossa, ditch, pit | fossa ovalis | |front- |{{:blank:front.png}} | of or pertaining to the forehead | Latin frōns, front-, the forehead | frontonasal | ===== List of words with B ===== ==== List of words with B ==== ^ Affix ^ Mantrakshar ^ Meaning ^ Origin language and etymology ^ Example(s) ^ |bacillus|{{:blank:bar.png}}| rod-shaped | Latin baculus, stick | Bacillus anthracis | |bacteri-|{{:blank:bar.png}}|Pertaining to bacteria|Latin (bacterium; Greek βακτήριον (baktḗrion), small staff| bacteriophage, bactericide | |balan- |{{:blank:penis.png}}|of the glans penis or glans clitoridis|Greek βάλανος (bálanos), acorn, glans|balanitis | |bas- |{{:blank:base.png}}| of or pertaining to base | Greek βάσις (básis), foundation, base | basolateral | |bi- |{{:blank:double.png}}| twice, double | Latin bi- | binary vision, bicycle, bisexual | |bio- |{{:blank:life.png}}| life | Greek βίος (bíos) | biology, biological | |bucc(o)- |{{:blank:cheek.png}}| of or pertaining to the cheek | Latin bucca, cheek | buccolabial | |burs(o)- |{{:blank:sac.png}}| bursa (fluid sac between the bones) | Latin (bursa), purse; Greek βύρσα (búrsa), hide, wine-skin | bursa, bursitis | ==== List of words with Bl ==== ^ Affix ^ Mantrakshar ^ Meaning ^ Origin language and etymology ^ Example(s) ^ |blast- |{{:blank:bud.png}}| germinate or bud | Greek βλαστός (blastós) | blastomere | |blephar(o)- |{{:blank:eyelid.png}} | of or pertaining to the eyelid | Greek βλέφαρον (blépharon), eyelid | blepharoplasty | ==== List of words with Br ==== ^ Affix ^ Mantrakshar ^ Meaning ^ Origin language and etymology ^ Example(s) ^ |brachi(o)- |{{:blank:arm.png}} | of or relating to the arm | Latin (bracchium), from Greek βραχίων (brakhíōn), arm | brachium of inferior colliculus | |brachy-|{{:blank:short.png}}| indicating 'short' or less commonly 'little' | Greek βραχύς (brakhús), short, little, shallow | brachycephalic | |brady- |{{:blank:slow.png}}| slow | Greek βραδύς (bradús), slow | bradycardia | |bronch(i)- |{{:blank:bronchi.png}} | of or relating to the bronchus | Latin (bronchus); Greek βρόγχος (brónkhos), windpipe | bronchitis, bronchiolitis obliterans | ===== List of words with M ===== ^ Affix ^Mantrakshar ^ Meaning ^ Origin language and etymology ^ Example(s) ^ |macr(o)- |{{:blank:long.png}} | large, long | Greek μᾰκρός (makrós), long, tall | macrophage | |-malacia |{{:blank:soft.png}} | softening | Greek μαλακία (malakía), soft, weak, self-indulgent | osteomalacia | |mamm(o)- |{{:blank:breast.png}} | of or pertaining to the breast | Latin mamma, breast, udder | mammogram | |mammill(o)- |{{:blank:breast.png}} | of or pertaining to the nipple | Latin mammilla, nipple | mammillaplasty, mammillitis | |manu- |{{:blank:hand.png}} | of or pertaining to the hand | Latin manus, hand | manufacture | |mast(o)- |{{:blank:breast.png}} | of or pertaining to the breast | Greek μαστός (mastós), breast, woman's breast, man's pectoral muscle | mastectomy | |meg(a)-, megal(o)-, -megaly |{{:blank:big.png}} | enlargement, million | Greek μέγᾰς (mégas), big, large, great, mighty | splenomegaly, megameter | |melan(o)- |{{:blank:black.png}} | having a black color | Greek μέλᾱς, μελανο- (mélās, melano-), black, dark |melanin | |melos | {{:blank:extremity.png}} |extremity | Greek μέλος (mélos), part of a body, limb, member | erythromelalgia | |mening(o)- |{{:blank:cover.png}} | membrane | Greek μῆνῐγξ (mêninx) | meningitis | |men- |{{:blank:moon.png}} | month, menstrual cycle | Greek μήν (mḗn), month | menopause, menorrhagia | |mer- |{{:blank:part.png}} | part | Greek μέρος (méros), part, component, region | merocrine, meroblastic | |mes- |{{:blank:centre.png}} | middle | Greek μέσος (mésos), middle, between, half | mesoderm | |met, meta-|{{:blank:beyond.png}}| after, beside, beyond or change | Greek μετᾰ́ (metá), with, among, along with, in common with |metacarpal, metacarpus, metacromion, metanephros, metatheria | |-meter |{{:blank:measure.png}} |instrument used to measure or count | Greek μέτρον (métron), measure or property, something used to measure | sphygmomanometer, thermometer | |-metry |{{:blank:measure.png}}|process of measuring, -meter + -y (see -meter) |Greek μέτρον (métron) | optometry | |metr- |{{:blank:uterus.png}} |pertaining to conditions or instruments of the uterus | Greek μήτρᾱ (mḗtrā), womb, uterus | metrorrhagia | |micr- |{{:blank:tiny.png}}|millionth; denoting something as small, relating to smallness | Greek μῑκρός (mīkrós), small | microscope | |milli- |{{:blank:tiny.png}}|thousandth | Latin mille, thousand | milliliter | |mon- | 1 |single | Greek μονός (monós) | infectious mononucleosis | |morph- | {{:blank:form.png}} |form, shape | Greek μορφή (morphḗ) | morphology | |muscul(o)- |{{:blank:muscle.png}} | muscle | Latin mūsculus, muscle (lit. mouse-like, due to mouse-shaped appearance of some muscles; loanword from Greek μῦς (mûs), mouse, + Latin -culus, diminutive suffix) | musculoskeletal system | ===== List of words with My ===== ^ Affix ^Mantrakshar ^ Meaning ^ Origin language and etymology ^ Example(s) ^ |my(o)- | {{:blank:muscle.png}} | of or relating to muscle | Greek μῦς, μυ- (mûs, mu-), muscle, mouse, mussel |myoblast | |myc(o)- | | fungus | Greek μύκης, μυκητ- | onychomycosis | |myel(o)- | | of or relating to bone marrow or the spinal cord | Greek μυελός (muelós), marrow, bone-marrow | myelin sheath, myeloblast | |myl(o)- |{{:blank:mandible.png}}| of or relating to molar teeth or the lower jaw | Greek μῠ́λη (múlē, mill, grind, molars | mylohyoid nerve | |myri- | 10000 | ten thousand | Greek μῡρῐ́ος (mūríos), innumerable, countless, infinite | myriad | |myring(o)- |{{:blank:ear_drum.png}} | eardrum | Latin myringa, eardrum | myringotomy | |myx(o)- |{{:blank:mucus.png}}| mucus | Greek μύξᾰ (múxa), mucus, nasal discharge | myxoma | ===== List of words with Y ===== ===== List of words with R ===== ^ Affix ^Mantrakshar ^ Meaning ^ Origin language and etymology ^ Example(s) ^ |radi- |{{:blank:radiation.png}} | radiation | Latin radiō, I radiate, emit beams; from radius, ray of light, spoke of a wheel | radiowave | |radic- |{{:blank:start.png}}| referring to the beginning, or the root, of a structure, usually a nerve or a vein | Latin rādīx, root | radiculopathy | |re- |{{:blank:again.png}} | again, back | Latin re- | relapse | |rect- |{{:blank:straight.png}} | rectum | abbr. of New Latin rectum intestinum ('straight intestine') < Latin rēctus, straight | rectal, rectum, rectus femoris | |ren- |{{:blank:kidneys.png}} | of or pertaining to the kidney | Latin rēn, rēnes, kidney | renal | |reticul(o)-|{{:blank:net.png}} | net | Latin rēticulum | reticulocyte | |retro- |{{:blank:back.png}} | backward, behind | Latin retro | retroversion, retroverted | |rubr(o)- |{{:blank:red.png}} | of or pertaining to the red nucleus of the brain | Latin ruber, red | rubrospinal | |-rupt |{{:blank:burst.png}} | break or burst | Latin rumpō | erupt, interrupt | ==== List of words with Rh ==== ^ Affix ^ Mantrakshar ^ Meaning ^ Origin language and etymology ^ Example(s) ^ |rhabd(o)-|{{:blank:bar.png}} | rod shaped, striated | Greek ῥᾰ́βδος (rhábdos), wand, stick, stripe | rhabdomyolysis | |rhachi(o)- |{{:blank:spine.png}} | spine | Greek ῥάχις (rhákhis), spine or backbone | rachial, rachialgia, rachidian, rachiopathy | |rhin(o)- |{{:blank:nose.png}} | of or pertaining to the nose | Greek ῥίς, ῥῑνο- (rhís, rhīno-), nose | rhinoceros, rhinoplasty | |rhod(o)- |{{:blank:red.png}}| denoting a rose-red color | Greek ῥόδον (rhódon), rose | rhodophyte | |-rrhage, -rrhagia |{{:blank:burst.png}} | burst forth, rapid flow (of blood, usually) | Greek -ραγία (-ragía), to break, to burst | hemorrhage, menorrhagia | |-rrhaphy |{{:blank:suture.png}} | surgical suturing | Greek ῥαφή (rhaphḗ) | hymenorrhaphy, neurorrhaphy | |-rrhea (AmE) | {{:blank:flow.png}} | flowing, discharge | Greek ῥοίᾱ (rhoíā), flow, flux | galactorrhea, diarrhea | |-rrhexis |{{:blank:burst.png}} | rupture | Greek ῥῆξῐς (rhêxis), breaking, bursting, discharge | karyorrhexis | |-rrhoea (BrE) |{{:blank:flow.png}} | flowing, discharge | Greek ῥοίᾱ (rhoíā), flow, flux | diarrhoea | ===== List of words with L ===== ^ Affix ^Mantrakshar ^ Meaning ^ Origin language and etymology ^ Example(s) ^ |labi- |{{:blank:lips.png}} | of or pertaining to the lip | Latin labia, labium, lip | labiodental | |lacrim(o)- |{{:blank:cry.png}} | tear | Latin lacrima, tear from crying | Lacrimal canaliculi | |lact(i)-, lact(o)|{{:blank:milk.png}} | milk | Latin lac, milk | lactation | |lapar(o)- |{{:blank:abdomen.png}} | of or pertaining to the abdominal wall, flank | Greek λαπάρα (lapára), flank | laparotomy | |laryng(o)- |{{:blank:larynx.png}} | of or pertaining to the larynx, the lower throat cavity where the voice box is | Greek λᾰ́ρυγξ, (lárunx), throat, gullet | larynx | |latero- |{{:blank:lateral.png}} | lateral | Latin laterālis, lateral, of or belonging to the side | lateral pectoral nerve | |lei(o)- |{{:blank:smooth.png}}| smooth | Greek λεῖος (leîos), smooth | leiomyoma | |-lepsis, -lepsy |{{:blank:attack.png}}| attack, seizure | Greek λῆψις (lêpsis), seizure | epilepsy, narcolepsy | |lept(o)-|{{:blank:light.png}} | light, slender | Greek λεπτός (leptós), thin, lean | leptomeningeal | |leuc(o)-, leuk(o)-|{{:blank:white.png}} | denoting a white color | Greek λευκός (leukós), white, bright, pale | leukocyte | |lingu(a)-, lingu(o)- |{{:blank:tongue.png}} | of or pertaining to the tongue | Latin lingua, tongue, speech, language | linguistics | |lip(o)- |{{:blank:fatty_tissue.png}} | fat | Greek λίπος (lípos), fat, lard | liposuction | |liss(os)- |{{:blank:smooth.png}}| smooth | Greek Λισσός (Lissós), smooth | lissencephaly | |lith(o)- |{{:blank:stone.png}}| stone, calculus | Greek λῐ́θος (líthos) | lithotripsy | |log(o)- |{{:blank:speech.png}}| speech | Greek λόγος (lógos) | dialog, catalog, logos | |-logist |{{:blank:study.png}} | denotes someone who studies a certain field (the field of _____-logy); a specialist; one who treats | Greek λογιστής (logistḗs), studier, practitioner (lit., accountant) | oncologist, pathologist | |-logy |{{:blank:study.png}} | denotes the academic study or practice of a certain field; the study of | Greek -λογῐ́ᾱ (-logíā) base noun for the study of something | hematology, urology | |lumb(o)-, lumb(a)-|{{:blank:loin.png}} | of or relating to the part of the trunk between the lowest ribs and the pelvis. | Latin lumbus or lumbaris, loin | lumbar vertebrae | ==== List of words with Ly ==== ^ Affix ^Mantrakshar ^ Meaning ^ Origin language and etymology ^ Example(s) ^ |lymph(o)- |{{:blank:lymph.png}}| lymph | Latin lympha, water | lymphedema | |lys(o)-, -lytic |{{:blank:break.png}} | dissolution | Greek λῠ́σῐς (lúsis), loosen, release, + -ic | lysosome | |-lysis |{{:blank:destroy.png}} | destruction, separation | Greek λῠ́σῐς (lúsis), loosen, release | paralysis | ===== List of words with V ===== ^ Affix ^Mantrakshar ^ Meaning ^ Origin language and etymology ^ Example(s) ^ |vagin- |{{:blank:vagina.png}} | of or pertaining to the vagina | Latin vāgīna, sheath, scabbard; vagina | vaginal epithelium | |varic(o)- |{{:blank:wide-vein.png}}| swollen or twisted vein | Latin varix | varicose, esophageal varices | |vas(o)- |{{:blank:vessel.png}}| duct, blood vessel | Latin vās, vessel, dish, vase | vasoconstriction | |vasculo- |{{:blank:vessel.png}} | blood vessel | Latin vāsculum | cardiovascular | |ven- |{{:blank:vein-1.png}}| of or pertaining to the veins, venous blood, and the vascular system | Latin vēna, blood-vessel, vein | venule, venospasm | |ventr(o)-|{{:blank:stomach.png}} | of or pertaining to the belly, the stomach cavities | Latin venter, belly, stomach, womb | ventrodorsal | |ventricul(o)- |{{:blank:right-ventricle.png}} | of or pertaining to the ventricles; any hollow region inside an organ | Latin ventriculus, the ventricles of the heart, the ventricles of the brain | cardiac ventriculography, atrioventricular node | |-version| {{:blank:turn.png}} | turning | Latin versiō | anteversion, retroversion | |vesic(o)-|{{:blank:urinary-bladder.png}}| of or pertaining to the bladder | Latin vēsīca, bladder, blister | vesical arteries | |viscer(o)-| | of or pertaining to the internal organs, the viscera | Latin viscus (pl. viscera), internal organ(s) | viscera | ===== List of words with S ===== ^ Affix ^Mantrakshar ^ Meaning ^ Origin language and etymology ^ Example(s) ^ |salping(o)- |{{:blank:fallopian_tube.png?80px}}| of or pertaining to tubes, e.g. Fallopian tubes | Greek σᾰ́λπῐγξ, σαλπιγγ-, (sálpinx, salping-), trumpet | salpingectomy, salpingopharyngeus muscle | |sangui-, sanguine-|{{:blank:blood.png}}| of or pertaining to blood | Latin sanguis, blood | sanguine | |sapro- |{{:blank:decay.png}}| relating to putrefaction or decay. | Greek sapros ‘putrid' | saprogenic | |sarco- |{{:blank:muscle.png}}| muscular, flesh-like | Greek σάρξ (sárx), flesh | sarcoma, sarcoidosis | |semi- |{{:blank:half.png}} | one-half, partly | Latin semi- | semiconscious | |sial(o)-|{{:blank:saliva.png}} | saliva, salivary gland | Latin salīva, saliva. | sialagogue | |sigmoid(o)- | S |sigmoid, S-shaped curvature | Greek σιγμοειδής (sigmoeidḗs), crescent-shaped, lunate sigma-shaped |sigmoid colon | |sinistr(o)- |{{:blank:left.png}} | left, left side | Latin sinister | | |sinus- |{{:blank:open.png}}|of or pertaining to the sinus|Latin sinus, a curve, bend, hollow cavity, bosom|sinusitis | |sito- |{{:blank:food.png}} |food, grain | Greek σῖτος (sîtos) | sitophobia | |somat(o)-, somatico- |{{:blank:human-body.png}} | body, bodily | Greek σῶμα (sôma) | somatic | |somn(o)|{{:blank:sleep.png}}| Sleep |Latin somnus, sleep, drowsiness | insomniac | |sub- |{{:blank:beneath.png}} |beneath, under | Latin sub | subcutaneous tissue | |super- |{{:blank:above.png}} | in excess, above, superior | Latin super | superior vena cava | |supra- |{{:blank:above.png}} | above, excessive | Latin supra | supraorbital vein | |sy, syl-, sym-, syn-, sys- |{{:blank:similar.png}} | indicates similarity, likeness, or being together; assimilates before some consonants: before l to syl-, s to sys-, before a labial consonant to sym- | Greek σῠν- (sun-), with, together | symptom, synalgia, synesthesia, syssarcosis | ==== List of words with Sch ==== |schist(o)- |{{:blank:split.png}} | split, cleft | Greek σχῐστός (skhistós), cloven, divided | schistocyte | |schiz(o)- |{{:blank:split.png}} | denoting something "split" or "double-sided" | Greek σχῐ́ζω (skhízō), I split, cleave, part; irregular formation of the verb σχῐ́ζειν (skhízein), to cut, split | schizophrenia | ==== List of words with Sc/sk ==== |scler(o)- |{{:blank:hard.png}} | hard | Greek σκληρός (sklērós) | scleroderma | |-sclerosis |{{:blank:hard.png}} | hardening | Greek σκληρός (sklērós), hard, harden; + -σῐς (-sis), added to verb stems to form abstract nouns or nouns of action, result or process | atherosclerosis, multiple sclerosis | |scoli(o)-|{{:blank:twisted.png}} | twisted | Greek σκολιός (skoliós), curved, bent | scoliosis | |-scope |{{:blank:view_instrument.png}} | instrument for viewing | Greek σκόπος (skópos), watcher | stethoscope | |-scopy |{{:blank:view.png}} | process of viewing | Greek σκοπέω (skopéō), to look at, behold, examine | endoscopy | |scoto- |{{:blank:dark.png}} | darkness | Greek σκότος (skótos) | scotopic vision | ==== List of words with Sp ==== |-spadias |{{:blank:split.png}}| slit, fissure | Greek σπάω (spáō), break, split | hypospadias, epispadias | |spasmo- |{{:blank:spasm.png}} | spasm | Greek σπασμός (spasmós) | Spasmodic dysphonia | |sperma-, spermo-, spermato- |{{:blank:sperm.png}} | semen, spermatozoa | Greek σπέρμα (spérma), seed, semen |spermatogenesis | |splanchn(i)-, splanchn(o)- |{{:blank:stomach.png}} | viscera | Greek σπλᾰ́γχνον (splánkhnon), bowels, guts | splanchnology | |splen(o)-|{{:blank:spleen.png}}|spleen | Greek σπλήν, σπλην- (splḗn, splēn-), spleen, milt | splenectomy | |spondyl(o)- |{{:blank:vertebra.png}}| of or pertaining to the spine, the vertebra | Greek σφόνδῠλος / σπόνδυλος (sphóndulos, spóndulos), the spine | spondylitis | |squamos(o)- |{{:blank:scales.png}} | denoting something as "full of scales" or "scaly" | Latin squāmōsus, full of scales, scaly | squamous cell | ==== List of words with St ==== |stalsis |{{:blank:contract-tube.png}} | contraction | Greek στέλλω (stéllō), I dispatch, place, set | peristalsis | |-stasis |{{:blank:end.png}}| stopping, standing | Greek στᾰ́σῐς (stásis), to stand, place, set | cytostasis, homeostasis | |-staxis|{{:blank:leak.png}}|dripping, trickling |Greek στάζω, στακτός (stázō, staktós), drip, leak, trickle | | |sten(o)-|{{:blank:narrow.png}} | denoting something as narrow in shape or pertaining to narrowness | Greek στενός (stenós), narrow, short | stenography | |-stenosis |{{:blank:narrow.png}}| abnormal narrowing of a blood vessel or other tubular organ or structure | Greek στενός (stenós), narrow, short; + -σῐς (-sis), added to verb stems to form abstract nouns or nouns of action, result or process | restenosis, stenosis | |steth- |{{:blank:chest.png}} | of or pertaining to the upper chest, the area above the breast and under the neck | Greek στῆθος (stêthos), chest, cuirass | stethoscope | |stheno- |{{:blank:muscle.png}} | strength, force, power | Greek σθένος (sthénos) | | |stom-, stomat- |{{:blank:mouth.png}}| of or pertaining to the mouth; an artificially created opening | Greek στόμᾰ, στοματ- (stóma, stomat-), mouth | stomatogastric, stomatognathic system | | -stomy |{{:blank:drill.png}} | creation of an opening | New Latin stoma, opening; from Greek στόμᾰ (stóma) | colostomy | ===== List of words with H ===== ^ Affix ^Mantrakshar ^ Meaning ^ Origin language and etymology ^ Example(s) ^ |halluc- |{{:blank:wander.png}}| to wander in mind| Latin ālūcinor, to wander in mind | hallucinosis, hallucination | |hem(at)-, haem(ato)- |{{:blank:blood.png}} | of or pertaining to blood | Latin hæma[citation needed], from Greek αἷμα, αἱματ- (grc), blood | hematology, older form haematology | | hema-, hemo- |{{:blank:blood.png}} | blood (AmE) | Greek αἷμα, (grc), blood | hemal, hemoglobin | | hemangi(o)- |{{:blank:vessel.png}} | blood vessels | Greek αἷμα, (grc), blood, + ἀγγεῖον (angeîon), vessel, urn | hemangioma | | hemi- | 1/2 | one-half | Greek ἡμι- (hēmi-), half | cerebral hemisphere | |hepat-, hepatic- |{{:blank:liver.png}} | of or pertaining to the liver | Greek ἧπαρ, ἠπᾰτ- (hêpar, ēpat-), the liver | hepatology, hepatitis | | heter(o)- |{{:blank:different.png}} | denotes something as "the other" (of two), as an addition, or different | Greek ἕτερος (héteros), the other (of two), another; different | heterogeneous | | hidr(o)- |{{:blank:sweat.png}} | sweat | Greek ἱδρώς, ἱδρωτ- (hidrṓs, hidrōt-), sweat, perspiration | hyperhidrosis | |hist(o)-, histio- | | tissue | Greek ἱστός (histós), web, tissue | histology | |home(o)- |{{:blank:similar.png}} | similar | Greek ὅμοιος (homoios), like, resembling, similar | homeopathy | |hom(o)- |{{:blank:similar.png}} | denotes something as "the same" as another or common | Greek ὁμός (homós), the same, common | homosexuality, homozygote, homophobic | |humer(o)- |{{:blank:shoulder.png}} | of or pertaining to the shoulder (or [rarely] the upper arm) | Latin umerus, shoulder | humerus | |hydr(o)- |{{:blank:liquid.png}} | water | Greek ὕδωρ (húdōr), water | hydrophobe, hydrogen | |hyper- |{{:blank:excess.png}} | extreme or beyond normal | Greek ὑπέρ (hupér), over, above; beyond, to the extreme |hypertension, hypertrichosis | |hyp(o)- |{{:blank:less.png}} | below normal | Greek ὑπό, ὑπο- (hupó), below, under | hypovolemia, hypoxia | |hyster(o)- |{{:blank:uterus.png}} | of or pertaining to the womb or the uterus | Greek ὑστέρα (hustéra), womb | hysterectomy, hysteria | ===== List of words with X-Z ===== ^ Affix ^Mantrakshar ^ Meaning ^ Origin language and etymology ^ Example(s) ^ |xanth(o)-|{{:blank:yellow.png}}| having a yellow color, especially an abnormally yellow color | Greek ξᾰνθός (xanthós), yellow |xanthopathy,xanthelasma | |xen(o)-|{{:blank:different.png}} |foreign, different | Greek ξένος (xénos), foreign, stranger | xenograft | |xer(o)-|{{:blank:dry.png}}| dry, desert-like | Greek ξηρός (xērós), dry | xerostomia, xeroderma | |xiph- |{{:blank:sword.png}}| sword | Greek ξῐ́φος (xíphos), sword | xiphisternum, xiphoid, xiphoidalgia | |-y |{{:blank:process.png}} |condition or process of|Latin -ia, from Greek -ῐ́ᾱ, -ειᾰ (-íā, -eia), suffixes used to form abstract nouns| surgery | |ze- |{{:blank:boil.png}} | boil | Greek ζέω (zéō), to boil, seethe, bubble | eczema | |zo(o)- |{{:blank:animal.png}} | animal, animal life | Greek ζῷον (zôion) | zoology | |zym(o)-| | fermentation | Greek ζύμη (zúmē), leaven, yeast | enzyme, lysozyme | en/list_derivational_roots_medicine.txt Last modified: 2024/10/01 04:45by words