*  cystostomy
  *  dacryocystorhinostomy
  *  enterostomy
  *  cecostomy
  *  colostomy
  *  duodenostomy
  *  ileostomy
  *  jejunostomy
  *  esophagostomy
  *  gastrostomy
  *  middle ear ventilation
  *  nephrostomy, percutaneous
  *  pharyngostomy
  *  sclerostomy
  *  thoracostomy
  *  tracheostomy
  *  ureterostomy